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Glossary

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Sclerotinia White Mold (SWM)

This is a soilborne fungus that overwinters in the soil as sclerotia which are dark, hard and look like mouse droppings.  This infection occurs during flowering and is magnified with wet cool weather.

Scores in these categories are based on field observations and may or may not predict or indicate actual field performance. Actual results may vary depending on conditions.

Shatter

When soybean harvest occurs during less-than-optimum conditions (less than 13% moisture), shatter can occur.  Shatter is the breaking of soybean pods during harvest and can lead to substantial harvest losses if not managed properly.

Soybeans with shatter scores of 5 and above should not present shatter problems. Soybeans with lower scores can be planted and can produce exceptional yields if harvest occurs promptly and at moisture levels of 13% and above.

Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SC Leaf Blight)

This disease is most prevalent in the southern half of the U.S. following warm, moist weather. Leaf lesions are tan, with buff-to-brown borders, elongated between the veins, and up to one inch in length. Two races of the fungus exist - Race O and Race T.

Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN):

This is a microscopic roundworm that enters the soybean root and creates a formation of specialized feeding cells that disrupt the soybeans vascular system causing loss of yield. 

Scoring of SCN-resistant soybeans consists of an alpha code showing the level of resistance or susceptibility as tested, where S = susceptible, MR = moderate resistance, R = resistance.

Stalk

This score reflects a hybrid’s ability to stay upright at harvest time. Standability scores are assigned on the following basis: 9 = all stalks stand at harvest; 7 = 3 - 5% of stalks down; 5 = 11 - 20% of stalks down; 3 = 41 - 49% of stalks down.

Standability

Standability is the ability of the plant to remain upright throughout the entire growing season. Generally speaking, the better the standability score, the easier the product will be to harvest. 

The standability score assigned to each Stine soybean at harvest time is based on the following system: 9 = All Plants Erect, 7 = All Plants Leaning Slightly, 5 = 20-50% Plants Lodged, 3 = 50-80% Plants Lodged, 1 = More Than 80% Plants Lodged

Stem Canker

This is a fungus that is windblown or seed borne.  Found in late July with interveinal necrosis and is noted for developing a canker on the stem.

Scores in this category are based on laboratory test results. Actual results may vary.

Stewart’s Wilt

A disease caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii. The bacteria is spread by the corn flea beetle, which is more severe following mild winters. Two stages include early seedling blight when, in severe cases, plant death may occur. Later in the season, bacteria reproduce in the leaf causing a scorched or strawlike color to develop. Yield is rarely affected but standability may be. Hybrids have differing levels of tolerance to this disease.

Stress

Stress scores are are based upon a hybrid’s ability to perform adequately under adverse environmental conditions such as drought.

Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)

This is a fungus that survives in the soil and becomes most noticeable in late July through August and causes interveinal necrosis on the leaves.

Scores in these categories are based on field observations and may or may not predict or indicate actual field performance. Actual results may vary depending on conditions.